我们在传统的web程序当中比较头疼的一件事是屏幕的刷新感。虽然有server push的技术，但在IE中较难实现。现在webservice给了我们这样一个机会，大家都知道webservice是基于soap的，而soap是XML的应用，如果你曾经用过ms XML sdk3.0的话就会知道里面有个XMLhttp方法，其实在那时我们就已经可以用XMLhttp的方式替代Form了，也是无刷新的，其实准确地说是局部刷新，下面我们来看一下怎样做，先做一个chat webservice, 首先来分析一下，一个聊天室应具备的两个要素人和消息，这样我们可以建立一个类型（记得我在以前说过类也是类型），它包含这样两个要素。
///ChatMessage.cs
using System;
namespace chat
{
///
/// ChatMessage类封装了两个string变量:UserLists--用户列表，Messages--要传递的信息
///
public class ChatMessage
{
public string UserList, Messages;
}
}
第二个我们要建立的是什么呢？一个聊天室应能存储在线成员的名字及访问时间
///Member.cs
using System;
namespace chat
{
///
/// Member类为每个聊天者封装了Server端的变量
///
public class Member
{
// 存储消息的队列
public string UserName, MsgQueue;
// 判断滞留事件以便踢人
public System.DateTime LastAccessTime;
// The constructor
public Member(string NickName)
{
this.UserName=NickName;
this.LastAccessTime=DateTime.Now;
}
}
}
接下来我们就应该做这个asmx了
///ChatWebService.asmx
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;
namespace chat
{
///
/// Summary description for ChatWebService.
///
[WebService (Namespace = "http://localhost/chat/", Description = "This service provides an chat service")]
public class ChatWebService : System.Web.Services.WebService
{
public ChatWebService()
{
//CODEGEN: This call is required by the ASP.NET Web Services Designer
InitializeComponent();
}
#region Component Designer generated code
///
/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
///
private void InitializeComponent()
{
}
#endregion
///
/// Clean up any resources being used.
///
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
}
[WebMethod(Description="接收用户名作为参数存储到Application对象中")]
public string Login(string username)
{
// Ascertain that all the registered chat participants are active
CheckMembersList();
// Synchronization Lock
Application.Lock();
// Get the collection of keys for the Application Variables
String[] Members = Application.AllKeys;
// Are there any registered chat members? & the present request is for a unique nick name?
if ((Members.Length>0)&&(Array.IndexOf(Members,username)>-1))
{
throw new Exception("该用户已存在！");
}
// Create a new Member object for this participant
Member NewMember = new Member(username);
// Add this new member to the collectionof Application Level Variables
Application.Add(username, NewMember);
// Synchronization unlock
Application.UnLock();
// Go and get the list of current chat participants and retrun the list
return GetMembersList();
}
[WebMethod(Description="GetMsg方法用用户名和消息为参数返回一个ChatMessage对象，包括要传递的消息和用户列表")]
public ChatMessage XchangeMsgs(string username, string Msg)
{
// Ascertain that all the registered chat participants are active
CheckMembersList();
// Synchronization Lock
Application.Lock();
// Get the collection of keys for the Application Variables
String[] Members = Application.AllKeys;
if ((Members.Length==0)||(Array.IndexOf(Members,username)==-1))
// Are there any registered chat members? & the present request is for a unique nick name?
{
throw new Exception("你当前可能没有登陆或登陆超时，请重新登陆！");
}
ChatMessage RetMsg = new ChatMessage();
RetMsg.UserList = GetMembersList();
// Loop through all the Chat Participant's serverside Member Objects and
// add the message just received in their waiting message queue
for (int x=0;x { Member temp = (Member)Application[Members[x]]; temp.MsgQueue+=(" if (temp.UserName == username) { RetMsg.Messages = temp.MsgQueue; temp.MsgQueue=""; temp.LastAccessTime=DateTime.Now; } } // Synchronization unlock Application.UnLock(); return RetMsg; } [WebMethod(Description="GetMsg方法用username为参数返回一个ChatMessage对象，包括要传递的消息和用户列表")] public ChatMessage GetMsgs(string username) { Application.Lock(); CheckMembersList(); Application.Lock(); String[] Members = Application.AllKeys; if ((Members.Length==0)||(Array.IndexOf(Members,username)==-1)) { throw new Exception("Unknown User. Please Login with a UserName"); } ChatMessage RetMsg = new ChatMessage(); RetMsg.UserList = GetMembersList(); Member temp = (Member)Application[username]; RetMsg.Messages = temp.MsgQueue; temp.MsgQueue=""; temp.LastAccessTime=DateTime.Now; Application.UnLock(); return RetMsg; } public string GetMembersList() { Application.Lock(); String UserList = ""; String[] Members = Application.AllKeys; Application.UnLock(); for (int x=0;x { Member temp = (Member)Application[Members[x]]; UserList += (temp.UserName+"\n"); } return UserList; } private void CheckMembersList() { String[] Members = Application.AllKeys; ArrayList RemoveList = new ArrayList(); for (int x=0;x { Member temp = (Member) Application[Members[x]]; int test = (DateTime.Now.Subtract(temp.LastAccessTime)).Minutes; if (test > 2) { RemoveList.Add(Members[x]); } } // Users = null; for (int count = 0;count { Application.Remove((String)RemoveList[count]); } return; } } }
" + username + " 说:
" + Msg);